Abstract:  It was often noticed by engineers that a significant but unintentional improvement in the soil was obtained in loose cohesionless layers when driving or vibrating casings during the construction of pile foundations. Consequently, compaction using vibratory probes with vibratory needles was introduced first in Germany in the early 1930s [1]. With this deep compaction technique, one can reach very high and uniform relative densities (Dr > 80%), unlike with the dynamic compaction or explosive technique. In marine projects which need soil improvement of reclaimed land or for increasing the bearing capacity of gravity structure foundations such as blocky or caisson quay walls, in many cases, this compaction technique is the optimum or probably the exclusive practical method. 

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